A Non-Pacifist Argument Against Capital Punishment Essay -- Argumentat

A Non-Pacifist Argument Against Capital Punishment ABSTRACT: In this paper I present a moral argument against capital punishment that does not depend upon the claim that all killing is immoral. The argument is directed primarily against non-philosophers in the Judeo-Christian tradition. Oddly, the moral argument against capital punishment has not been effective in the United States despite the biblical injunction against killing. Religious supporters of the death penalty often invoke a presumed distinction between ‘killing’ and ‘murdering’ and avow that God forbade the latter but not the former. Self-defense and just wars are cited as cases of morally justified killing. Accepting these premises, I point out that when cases of justified killing in self-defense are altered to include an element of delay, disarming and premeditation, they too become murder. Since the death penalty clearly involves the elements of delay, disarming and premeditation, I conclude that the death penalty is murder in the biblical sen se and ought to be abolished in any God-fearing (or otherwise moral) society. Traditional opposition to capital punishment has generally been based on one or more of the following claims: (1) Capital punishment is immoral because all killing is immoral, (2) Capital punishment is unjust because killing is irreversible, or (3) Capital punishment is ineffective because killing is not a deterrent to killing. I propose to argue instead that capital punishment is immoral because of the kind of killing it is, rather than because it is a kind of killing simpliciter. This is a specifically moral argument, but it differs from the usual pacifist argument in that it does not assert or depend upon the claim that all killing is i... ...emeditation, they too become murder. Since the death penalty clearly involves the elements of delay, disarming, and premeditation, I conclude that the death penalty is murder in the biblical sense and ought to be abolished in any God-fearing society. Notes (1) Haines, Herbert H., Against Capital Punishment, p. 163 (2) Shin, Kilman, Death Penalty and Crime: Empirical Studies, p. 4-5 Bibliography Haines, Herbert H., Against Capital Punishment: The Anti-Death Penalty Movement in America, 1972-1994; New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996 Hart, Harold H. (ed.), Punishment: For & Against; New York: Hart Publishing Company, Inc., 1971 Shin, Kilman, Death Penalty and Crime: Empirical Studies; Fairfax, VA: George Mason University Center for Economic Analysis, 1978 Sorell, Tom, Moral Theory and Capital Punishment; Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987

Othello’s Image Essay

This statement by A. C. Bradley examines the Othello character in an interesting light that perhaps gives a false image of the play. The first statement Bradley makes is that Othello is â€Å"a man of mystery, exoticism and intense feeling†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These facts ring true. Othello is a mysterious foreigner who holds intense feeling for the struggles he has faced. The second statement Bradley makes however is lost on me. †¦trustful, open, passionate but self-controlled†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bradley believes Othello to be all these things when he clearly is a man who has many personal issues that are fully explored during the play. I completely disagreed with most of what Bradley stated about the character Othello. When he speaks of Othello being trustful I cannot help but think of the jealousy he was overcome with when he thought Desdemona was having an affair with Michael Cassio. Othello never searched out the answers from Desdemona herself, instead Iago is the one sought out for answers. Othello fell into a trance upon hearing that they lay together and that Desdemona has given Cassio his treasured handkerchief. This does not seem like a trusting man but one who becomes highly jealous without knowing the full story. Bradley was clearly not thinking straight when he came up with this analysis of Othello as a character and as a person. Othello also was not a self-controlled man as Bradley seems to believe he was. Othello was easily taken over by rage and jealousy which would lead him to unsightly things. In Act IV Scene I Othello strikes Desdemona after she mentions her move for Cassio, Othello misunderstands the love she has for Cassio and reacts irrationally. This highlights Othello’s own inability to remain self-controlled. Another example is Act V Scene II when Othello kills Desdemona. Othello is so enraged by jealousy and has been manipulated by his dear friend Iago that he loses all self-control, killing Desdemona in her bed. This highlighted the weakness in character of Othello that he would kill an innocent woman as she lay.

A History of the World in 6 Glasses Study Questions Essay

Introduction- â€Å"Vital Fluids† 1. The author’s main thesis in setting up this book is that many drinks have built and brought together human history in to what we know about it. 2. The fluids that are mentioned in the book are vital because each one played a role in many areas of history and they are a crucial part of creating a certain period of history. â€Å"Beer in Mesopotamia and Egypt† 1. The discovery of beer is linked to the growth of the first civilizations because in both cultures of Mesopotamia and Egypt, beer was the main drink. It was consumed by everyone and was known as the defining drink of both of the first great civilizations. 2. The history of beer tells us that those people were intelligent enough to†¦show more content†¦5. In Rome wine was seen as a necessity by the people and they felt like they needed to drink it while in Greece it was just seen as a leisure drink. 6. Wine is a part of a Catholic ritual where wine symbolizes the blood of Jesus Christ and Christianity began in the Roman Empire and became an important force in Europe after the change between Emperor Constantine. Wine was also uses for medical purposes as a pain killer. â€Å"Spirits in the Colonial Period† 1. The origin of distilled spirits came from the Arabs. 2. The connection between spirits and colonization is that, spirits became an economic good of great importance that with their taxation and control became matters of high political importance and helped determine the course of history. 3. The production of spirits is connected to slavery because the African slavers who supplied the Europeans with slaves, most valued spirits as a trade offer. The African slavers accepted a wide range of products in exchange but it was known that the spirits played as a main role in the trade for slaves. 4. Spirits were used as rewards to the slaves on the ship for being more helpful and cleaning. It was also used as a type of medicine used for diseases throughout the seas. 5. Spirits was an important fundamental in Colonial America because it was used for almost everything. To rural people it was used as currency and to others it wasShow MoreRelated Essay on Why Ethics Matter1338 Words   |  6 Pages Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, used ethics to describe a standard of behavior. He also used ethics as an area of study in exploring the nature of morality. He asked questions to define what is right and what is wrong. Aristotles strongly believed that a persons life experiences molds a person into who he becomes. In any philosophy class today, students learn to question everything and ethics are what they perceive them to be. Immanuel Kant is thought of as one the most brilliant scholarsRead MoreThe Future of Networking from Mobile Devices1459 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness. 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Globalization A New Concept - 2248 Words

Asma Alsahafi Michael ELS Fort Wayne 13 April 2016 Even though many people think globalization is a new concept, globalization already existed before the First World War. According to Well (2001), in the early years of the nineteenth century, before the First World War started, people who lived at that time, were able to invest their money or sell products to other people and buy products from other people who might live in other countries with unlimited boundaries. Between the beginning of the First World War and the end of the Second World War, the acceleration of globalization went up and down and this was influenced by many factors. The main period when the movement of goods went down was during the war. Neither the†¦show more content†¦So, the best definition to understand the globalization concept is the one that covers all these dimensions. In Al-Rodhan’s (2006, June 19) opinion, â€Å"Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integrati on of human and non-human activities.† Globalization has several impacts on every aspect of people s lives. For example, the effect of globalization on the environment. The industrial countries want to increase their income and keep their economic positions. They try to build more factories without thinking about the emission which cause a lot of environmental problems, such as global warming, water pollution, air pollution, the ozone layer hole, and depletion of resources. Globalization affects not only on the environment, but also all their dimensions, and the focus here is in the effect of globalization on economics, culture, and education. The first impact we discuss in this paper is the effect of globalization on the economic. Economists defend the globalization from their perspective in different ways, and not all of them have agreement on one definition. One of those definition is â€Å"Globalization is about the changing costs of economic interactions across distance and the effects these changes in the geographical distribution of economic activity.† (Crafts Venables, 2003). And this is not the only definition, there are many of

Fracking And The Natural Gas Production - 1754 Words

â€Å"Fracking† isn’t a word that most people are familiar with unless they are well informed or active in local government or natural gas extraction. â€Å"Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, involves extracting natural gas from shale formations underground† (Collier, Galatas, Harrelson-Stephens, 2008). During the process known as fracking, millions of gallons of water are shot underground into shale formations to help bring the natural gas trapped inside the formations to be released so that it can surface and become available for extraction. This is the technique that is used for traditional fracking methods. Although fracking increases the states natural gas production, it also carries some negative side effects that are affecting the state and its people. When most people think of Texas they think of the booming oil industry that the state has. 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Prediction of an Earthquake Free Essays

It has come to our attention that the state of Missouri has yet to propose a plan on how to prepare itself for the event of an earthquake, more so of one with a magnitude of 8.0 in the Richter scale. We believe that it is important to prepare our state for a strong earthquake as this may lessen the severity of the damages that can be incurred, as well as saving more lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Prediction of an Earthquake or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prediction of an Earthquake We believe that a hypothetical earthquake whose epicenter would be in the Mississippi River, in between the states Missouri and Tennessee, can gravely affect the state of Missouri along with neighboring states: Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee. This is because of the New Madrid Fault System, which crosses five state lines and cuts across the Mississippi River in three places and the Ohio River in two places. The said fault extends 120 miles southward from the area of Charleston, Missouri, and Cairo, Illinois, through New Madrid and Caruthersville, following Interstate 55 to Blytheville and on down to Marked Tree, Arkansas (About the New Madrid Fault, 2002). The active fault system, or seismic zone, averages more than 200 measured events per year, in areas ranging from central Missouri to the far southeastern bootheel of Missouri. Although most of these earthquakes are only detectable by sensitive instruments, some earthquakes are strong enough to crack plaster in buildings and disrupt southeast Missouri once or twice every 18 months (History of Earthquakes in Missouri, 2007). Imminent Dangers One of the dangers of these earthquakes are its effects to the soil; earthquake vibrations that pass through soil makes it lose its properties as a solid and take on those of a semi-liquid like quicksand, a process called liquefaction (How Earthquakes are Measured Their Effects on St. Charles County, 2002). Liquefaction is expected to happen mostly in the places where the Mississippi River has moved around, depositing sandy silt and gumbo clay. In these areas, the earthquake will send the water to the surface, creating quicksand and eliminating the soil’s ability to support loads (Patterson, 2006). Because there are about 11 million people live in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, this would pose a big threat to the people; houses and buildings would collapse due to a lack of stable foundation. Preventive Measures Although it is impossible to predict an earthquake, scientists have extrapolated from the New Madrid Seismic Zone history that the Great New Madrid Earthquake of 1811-1812 happens every 200 to 300 years. Thus, it had been predicted that it in between 2010 until 2020, another series earthquakes would occur at 8.0 or more in magnitude (About The New Madrid Fault, 2002). An 8.0 magnitude, to give you an idea, can temporarily or permanently change the flow of rivers, springs and even wells. This can pose as a big problem as the fault cuts across the Mississippi River; a temporary change in the flow of the river can greatly affect the biodiversity of different plant and animal species that are dependent on the river. Despite the seemingly devastating outcomes, a lot of these can be prevented if the state were to prepare way ahead of time. As had been the findings in the Mid-America Alliance Policy Forum (2005), that State and local governments couldn’t depend wholly on the federal government for assistance in responding to disasters. Thus, they must develop their own response capabilities and be able to help each other. In preparation of the predicted disaster, the governor is asked to prepare a communications strategy beforehand, as to be able to keep in touch with the press and to remain open to receive questions and give prompt answers after the calamity. The governor is also advised to create intrastate mutual agreements to support jurisdictions across the state, such as the utilization of medical professionals and emergency search and rescue teams among other professionals that may be of help; the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) should be reviewed and revised accordingly with different states (A Governor’s Guide to Homeland Security, 2007). In the event that the earthquake indeed takes place, it is the governor’s duty to activate the state’s emergency plan and ensure that all appropriate state and local actions have been taken, before filing for a Presidential Declaration of a State of Emergency or Disaster (A Governor’s Guide to Homeland Security, 2007). If, for example, the governor had been able to cover all the bases in this situation beforehand, then perhaps the state would not have a hard time recovering from the disaster. Summary Scientists who have extensively studied the history of earthquakes in Missouri have predicted a possible earthquake whose epicenter would be in the Mississippi River, in between the states Missouri and Tennessee. This earthquake can gravely affect the state of Missouri, causing extensive damages, along with its neighboring states: Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee. Seeing as the State of Missouri would not the only state that would be affected when the earthquake occurs, it would be most beneficial for all if the governors of all the states that are traversed by the New Madrid Fault System would be able hold conferences regularly and discuss other possible preventive measures as to how to lessen the devastation and casualties that the massive earthquake may bring. Intrastate mutual agreements among these concerned states should be examined thoroughly, as these states van only rely on each other after the calamity strikes. The unity and success within a state is proven by how the state manages to recover from a calamity, more so an unforeseen calamity. In order for it to recover promptly, the governor has to continually improve and alter the state’s homeland security operations and structures and also create channels for possible ties with other states. It is only by doing these can a governor and his state be prepared for anything and that will come in his way. References About the New Madrid Fault. (2002). Retrieved on August 22, 2007 from http://www.scchealth.org/docs/ems/docs/prepare/newMadrid.html. A Government’s Guide to Homeland Security. (2007). Retrieved on August 23, 2007 from http://www.nga.org History of Earthquakes in Missouri. (2007). Retrieved on August 23, 2007 from http://www.dnr.mo.gov/geology/geosrv/geores/HistoryMOeqs.htm. How Earthquakes are Measured ; Their Effects On St. Charles County. (2002). Retrieved on August 22, 2007 from http://www.scchealth.org/docs/ems/docs/prepare/earthq_measure.html. Mid-America Alliance Policy Forum. (2005). Retrieved on August 22, 2007 from http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.9123e83a1f6786440ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=9d734bbea0448010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD;vgnextchannel=4b18f074f0d9ff00VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD. Patterson, G. (2006). Expert Warns of Earthquake in New Madrid Zone. Retrieved on August 22, 2007 from http://www.greatdreams.com/madrid.htm. ; ; ; How to cite Prediction of an Earthquake, Essay examples

The Factors Influencing Customer Retention In The Restaurant Industry

Questions: 1.Is there any significant relationship between food quality and customer retention? 2.Is there any significant relationship between a restaurants booking system and customer retention? 3..Is there any significant relationship between loyalty programs and customer retention? 4..Is there any significant relationship between efficient customer relationship and customer retention? 5.Is there any significant relationship between efficient customer relationship and customer retention? Answers: In the modern day scenario, one of the most important aspects of the society is the large scale growth of shopping malls. However, this must be noted that the shopping malls have attracted the attention of a large number of customers within a very short time periods. There are however many different factors that are responsible for the popularity of the shopping malls. However there many different aspects like customer loyalty programs, the equality in the services delivered, the booking system that is being used in the malls, the quality of the food being served and many other such things. 1. To investigate the relationship between the importance of food quality for choosing a restaurant and customer retention. One of the very important aspects that determine the customers selection of restaurant is the standard of food served by them (Yan et al 2015). While selecting any particular restaurant the customers are usually influenced by some specific aspects like that of the menu, the price of food, the atmosphere, and the convenience factors. However this must be kept in mind that the customers are often governed by their demographic factors as well. The teenagers mainly want to visit restaurants that do a lot of experiments in serving new kinds of food whereas the people between the age group of fifty and more usually tend to follow a common and traditional menu in the same preferred restaurant. Customers on the present day scenario are ready to pay high amount of price provided that they are getting proper quality of food and also some additional facilities that is some added advantages. Restaurants therefore try to keep the price of the food know and try to maintain high quality so that the y can retain bulk amount of customers (Yan et al 2015). Restaurants have really changed the modern lifestyle in a major way. It has helped people a great deal and has also made them very much alert on the other hand. The modern day customers are very much health conscious as well. They know that eating too much of outside food might render them unhealthy. Hence, they are looking for good quality, fresh and healthy food from the restaurants. However there are also other factors like the taste of cuisines. The restaurant ambience, services provides that influences the customer retention. Hence, the restaurants must aim at maintain the proper quality of food keeping in mind the demographic patterns, the customer attitudes and most importantly the health of the customers. 2. To investigate the relationship between the importance of restaurant booking system for choosing a restaurant and customer retention. The reservation or the booking system is a very big factor that influencers the customers choice of restaurants. This is because of the fact that customers nowadays want easy and quick services (Boo 2017). Technological innovations have made it possible for the restaurants to use many modern methods of booking like mobile app, web pages, online booking. The customers are also very much comfortable in using the electronic and digitalized booking system so that they can avoid standing in long queues or holding on to the telephone lines for long in order to get their booking. This is because of the fact that the customers nowadays are looking for several additional services. The customers are of the opinion that getting their food and their tables booked through electronic digital systems are much better than booking through the old paper based offline booking system. Bookings through mobile apps, websites have changed the booking system a great deal (Al-Tit 2015). So, naturally the cus tomers will be inclined towards restaurants providing the, a quick and smooth booking system. 3. To investigate the relationship between the importance of loyalty programs for choosing a restaurant and customer retention. One of the important aspects that the customers are looking for in different restaurants id the loyalty program offered by them, In other words, the modern-day customers are very much eager about getting some additional benefits from the restaurants apart from the good quality food. Hence, it is an effort being undertaken by the restaurants to retain their customers by offering them some or the other benefits or rewards (Yan et al 2015). This can be done by the restaurants by offering some extra discounts or some additional free services to their customers. These benefits include some special rebates or some free delivery services. The restaurants are developing these loyalty programs on a long term basis as it is the best possible means of retaining the customers. The customers will develop a kind of loyalty or an affinity towards their favourite restaurants if they get something more than the regular day to day things. 4. To investigate the relationship between the importance of service quality for choosing a restaurant and customer retention. In order to retain the customers and promote the repeat customer purchasing, it is the duty of the restaurants to satisfy the customers at every single step (Han and Hyun 2015). This can be best done by providing proper customer service. This is because if the customers face some very unpleasant and poor services at a restaurant, they will obviously not like to return back to the same place again. This will easily give them the option of switching over to other alterative options. Poor customer service like delay in serving the food, or unfriendly ambience of the restaurant, unavailability of tables and many other such things usually causes customer dissatisfaction. 5. Another important aspect that influences the customer retention is the behaviour of the employees or the restaurant staffs. The staffs must be properly trained in customer handling. They must always greet the customers with smile and appear very polite and friendly to the customers (Yan et al 2015). This is one of the most important aspects of the hospitality industry. The customers will be dissatisfied if they are behaved rudely by the restaurant staffs and this will hamper the customer retention. References Al-Tit, A.A., 2015. The effect of service and food quality on customer satisfaction and hence customer retention.Asian Social Science,11(23), p.129. Boo, H.V., 2017. Service Environment of Restaurants: Findings from the youth customers.Journal of ASIAN behavioural studies,2(2), pp.67-77. Han, H. and Hyun, S.S., 2015. Customer retention in the medical tourism industry: Impact of quality, satisfaction, trust, and price reasonableness.Tourism Management,46, pp.20-29. Yan, X., Wang, J. and Chau, M., 2015. Customer revisit intention to restaurants: Evidence from online reviews.Information Systems Frontiers,17(3), pp.645-657.